Papers

@article{badhurshah_assessment_2024,

title = {Assessment of the Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Performance of Long-Span Twin-Box Bridges Based upon Multidimensional Surrogate Models},

author = {Rameez Badhurshah and Antonio J. Álvarez-Naveira and Félix Nieto-Mouronte and José Ángel Jurado-Albarracín-Martinón and Santiago Hernández-Ibáñez},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/13/5531},

doi = {10.3390/app14135531},

issn = {2076-3417},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2026-04-21},

journal = {Applied Sciences},

volume = {14},

number = {13},

pages = {5531},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {Twin-box decks are being extensively used in the design of long-span bridges due to their superior flutter performance. Although the significant role played by the gap distance has been previously addressed in the frame of experimental studies, there is still a lack of understanding about the complex interplay between box geometry, gap distance and the aerodynamic force coefficients and flutter derivatives. In the present work, firstly, a surrogate model is developed, considering three design inputs for the geometry of the deck along with the angle of attack, providing the force coefficients as output. Afterwards, the work is then extended by developing another surrogate model, considering as inputs the reduced velocity and the same geometric variables of the deck, with the outputs being the flutter derivatives. The methodology, comprising the selection of the design domain, the definition of the samples, the CFD-based evaluation of the samples' response and the construction of the surrogate through the application of the neural network-based radial basis method, is reviewed. The surrogate models enable a quantitative description of the impact caused in the force coefficients and the flutter derivatives by modifications in the geometry of the twin-box deck. It has been found that flutter derivatives H1*, H2* and A2* are strongly dependent on the gap distance.},

keywords = {CFD, flutter, Latin Hypercube Sampling, radial basis, surrogate modelling, textit{k-ω} SST, Twin-box, URANS},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{diana_iabse_2023,

title = {IABSE Task Group 3.1 Benchmark Results. Numerical Full Bridge Stability and Buffeting Simulations},

author = {Giorgio Diana and Stoyan Stoyanoff and Andrew Allsop and Luca Amerio and Michael Styrk Andersen and Tommaso Argentini and Filippo Calamelli and Miguel Cid-Montoya and Vincent Goyet and Santiago Hernández-Ibáñez and José Ángel Jurado-Albarracín-Martinón and Igor Kavrakov and Guy Larose and Allan Larsen and Guido Morgenthal and Daniele Rocchi and Martin N. Svendsen and Teng Wu},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2022.2104188},

doi = {10.1080/10168664.2022.2104188},

issn = {1016-8664},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-01},

urldate = {2026-08-10},

journal = {Structural Engineering International},

volume = {33},

number = {4},

pages = {623–634},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {Aerodynamic stability and buffeting response due to turbulent wind have a fundamental importance for long-span bridge design. However, there are no benchmark cases that can be used as a reference estimate for an independent validation of the numerical methods and theoretical approximations. Therefore, the IABSE Task Group 3.1 proposal is to fill this gap by defining a reasonably well predicted set case for the response to wind of long-span bridges, both in terms of aerodynamic stability and buffeting. Specifically, a statistical analysis was performed on the numerical results collected by the task group participants, who used their own methodology and tools (either in time domain and/or frequency domain) to predict the bridge stability to flutter and buffeting response to wind, sharing the same input data (wind conditions, bridge structural properties, and deck aerodynamic coefficients). The benchmark results presented in this paper can be used as a point of reference for other numerical codes, and they include the onset of flutter speed, damping ratio variation with mean wind speed and the root mean square of the displacements as a function of mean wind speed, power spectral density values, and time histories of displacements.},

keywords = {aeroelasticity, Benchmark, Buffeting, flutter, long-span bridge, simulation, Validation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cid_montoya_optimization_2021,

title = {Optimization of bridges with short gap streamlined twin-box decks considering structural, flutter and buffeting performance},

author = {Miguel Cid-Montoya and Félix Nieto-Mouronte and Santiago Hernández-Ibáñez and Arturo Norberto Fontán-Pérez and José Ángel Jurado-Albarracín-Martinón and Ahsan Kareem},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167610520302269},

doi = {10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104316},

issn = {0167-6105},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics},

volume = {208},

pages = {104316},

abstract = {While it is well known that the gap between twin-box decks is a key design variable that impacts the onset flutter velocity of a bridge, further research is required to ascertain how modifications in several bridge design variables affect other aeroelastic responses. This paper utilizes aero-structural optimization techniques for the design of long-span bridges with short gap twin-box decks considering simultaneously structural, flutter and buffeting constraints. The optimization helps to reduce the material volume of the structure while maintaining all the performance and safety requirements below the imposed thresholds. It has been found that the geometry of the individual box cross-section is an important feature for the control of the buffeting response, particularly the vertical acceleration. On the other hand, flutter and torsional buffeting constraints require designs with larger gap distance and alternative box geometries, leading to a trade-off between conflicting design demands. Hence, depending on the expected wind load conditions and the specific requirements of a particular project, an optimum aero-structural bridge design with a particular deck shape can be identified. The framework presented in this study is an effective tool to achieve sustainable and safe bridge designs that seeks a most efficient balance between all the design constraints.},

keywords = {Aero-structural optimization, Buffeting, Cable-stayed bridges, Deck shape, flutter, Gap distance, Quasi-steady formulation, Surrogate models, Twin-box},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{diana_prof_iabse_2020,

title = {IABSE Task Group 3.1 Benchmark Results. Part 1: Numerical Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Bridge Deck Section Based on Analytical Aerodynamics},

author = {Giorgio Diana Prof. and Stoyan Stoyanoff Dr and Ketil Aas-Jakobsen Dr and Andrew Allsop Dr and Michael Andersen Dr and Tommaso Argentini Dr and Miguel Cid Montoya Dr and Santiago Hernández-Ibáñez and José Ángel Jurado-Albarracín-Martinón and Hiroshi Katsuchi Prof. and Igor Kavrakov Dr and Ho-Kyung Kim Prof. and Guy Larose Dr and Allan Larsen Dr and Guido Morgenthal Prof. and Ole Øiseth Prof. and Simone Omarini Dr and Daniele Rocchi Prof. and Martin Svendsen Dr and Teng Wu Prof.},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2019.1639480},

doi = {10.1080/10168664.2019.1639480},

issn = {1016-8664},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

urldate = {2026-08-06},

journal = {Structural Engineering International},

volume = {30},

number = {3},

pages = {401–410},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {IABSE Task Group 3.1 has the mandate to define reference results for the validation of methodologies and programs used to study both stability and buffeting responses of long-span bridges. These tools for the simulation of the aeroelastic behaviour are fundamental in the safe design of bridges and they should be validated. The working group decided to set up a benchmark procedure consisting of several steps to define reference results for this validation. For each step, contributors use their own methodology to simulate the bridge behaviour using the same input data. All the results are then compared, and reference values are defined through statistical analysis. The benchmark procedure is considered as a three-step problem with substeps of increasing difficulty: Step 1 compares numerical results only, Step 2 is validation against wind tunnel experiments, and Step 3 is validation against full-scale data. In this paper, the contributions and the reference results of the simplest initial substep (1.1a) are presented. It consists of the simulation of the aeroelastic response of a two-degree-of-freedom bridge deck section, with analytical aerodynamic coefficients, forced by turbulent wind. Despite the problem’s simplicity, differences in some contributions are significant, confirming the necessity of having solid references to validate software programs.},

keywords = {aeroelasticity, Benchmark, Buffeting, flutter, long-span bridge, Validation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{diana_chair_of_task_group_31_iabse_2020,

title = {IABSE Task Group 3.1 Benchmark Results. Part 2: Numerical Analysis of a Three-Degree-of-Freedom Bridge Deck Section Based on Experimental Aerodynamics},

author = {Giorgio Diana Chair of Task Group 3.1 and Stoyan Stoyanoff Vice-Chair of Task Group 3.1 and Ketil Aas-Jakobsen and Andrew Allsop and Michael Andersen and Tommaso Argentini and Miguel Cid Montoya and Santiago Hernández-Ibáñez and José Ángel Jurado-Albarracín-Martinón and Hiroshi Katsuchi and Igor Kavrakov and Ho-Kyung Kim and Guy Larose and Allan Larsen and Guido Morgenthal and Ole Øiseth and Simone Omarini and Daniele Rocchi and Martin Svendsen and Teng Wu},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2019.1661331},

doi = {10.1080/10168664.2019.1661331},

issn = {1016-8664},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

urldate = {2026-08-06},

journal = {Structural Engineering International},

volume = {30},

number = {3},

pages = {411–420},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {IABSE Task Group 3.1 has the mandate to define reference results for the validation of methodologies and programs used to study both stability and buffeting responses of long-span bridges. To this end, the working group set up a benchmark procedure consisting of several steps with increasing complexity to define reference results useful for this validation. The simplest step (1.1a) was presented in Part 1. In this paper (Part 2), the contributions and reference results of the second sub-step (1.1c) are discussed. It consists of the simulation of the aeroelastic response of a three-degree-of-freedom bridge deck section forced by turbulent wind, using experimental aerodynamic coefficients measured in a wind tunnel. The increase in complexity, compared to the previous step, involves the experimental definition of unsteady force coefficients that are defined in a limited range of reduced velocities, and inclusion of the lateral motion and horizontal turbulent wind velocity components. Comparison of the different outputs, obtained by Task Group 3.1 participants with the same input data, is presented, revealing differences that are not always negligible. Moreover, the increase in complexity of the test case results in larger spreads of the results compared to the fully analytical case, analysed in Part 1.},

keywords = {aeroelasticity, Benchmark, Buffeting, flutter, long-span bridge, Validation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}